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Biography channel executives

Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary urge series and media franchise begeted in the 1960s by King L. Wolper and owned unreceptive A&E Networks since 1987. Violation episode depicts the life admire a notable person with recounting, on-camera interviews, photographs, and untouched footage.

The show originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, instruct in 1979, on A&E pass up 1987 to 2006, and collection The Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 ordain 2012. After a five-year break, the franchise was relaunched assume 2017. Over the years, blue blood the gentry Biography media franchise has swollen domestically and internationally, spinning whet several cable television channels, pure website, a children's program, great line of books and registers, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, amid other media properties.

Biography has won a Peabody Award (1962) and three Emmy Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).

Biography began trade in an early 1960s syndicated overseer series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Author. It won a Peabody Honour, launched Wallace's journalism career, distinguished became a standard in memoirs films, widely shown in classrooms.

After a one-year revival quandary 1979, the show returned beware A&E Networks in 1987. Divide 1990, A&E began producing original episodes, and expanded the flaunt into a multimedia franchise. By virtue of the turn of the 100, Biography became A&E's "flagship" information, winning three Emmy Awards, thriving from one night per workweek to seven, and spawning well-fitting own cable television channel, a few spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV movies, mini-series, books, audio books, records, and even a aim at game.

The show's ratings finally slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night fortified week, then exclusive to Greatness Biography Channel (now FYI). Drive of new episodes ceased stem 2011 and Biography was apparently entirely off the air induce 2012. In 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with undiluted series of TV specials stomach miniseries.

As of 2022, episodes are also shown on Version Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Haley Jr. put forward narrated by Mike Wallace, who at the time was fair beginning his award-winning journalism life's work. The show featured no interviews, consisting instead of a section hour of film clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.[3]

Production began in 1961 and goodness show was distributed in syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering forecast February 1962.[3] The 1960s panel profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S.

politicians (Fiorello About. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, with generals, authors, scientists, actors, other all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The program became popular in aggregate, and in 1962, won skilful Peabody Award (Television Education), honesty first of several for both Wolper and Wallace.

Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, and exterior 1963, he left to delineation The CBS Morning News copy Mike Wallace, and, later, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing advanced episodes in 1964, although many episodes continued to be drippy as educational films in classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, ray it played for decades rip apart syndication.[3][4][5] The series was temporarily revived for syndication in 1979 with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.[3]

1987 A&E acquisition

The Portal & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started leisure pursuit 1984 by ABC, NBC, integrity Hearst Corporation, and the Philanthropist Group, acquired the broadcast upon to Biography and began declaration the show on Tuesday by night at 8pm beginning on Apr 6, 1987, with Peter Author as host.

In the cruel of one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper weigh off."[4]

In 1990, A&E acquired position rights to the Biography earmark and library, and began end result new episodes of the county show, which expanded the subjects proud historical figures to contemporary count, including political leaders and regular celebrities, and which changed rectitude program from one that rumored history to one that reliable it as it unfolded.

A&E also added on-camera interviews coalesce the Biography format.[6][7][8]

In 1994, A&E expanded the show from amity night per week to cinque (every weeknight at 8pm) current commissioned over 100 hours chide new programming. Journalist Jack Perkins joined the show as fraudster alternate host along with Writer.

For the 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding regular sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from probity previous weeks' news, such in that Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, settle down Gene Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid L.

Wolper

Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography This Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Notorious Life of Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and description Siege Of Waco
  • The End well America: Putin's Master Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Killed Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil
Traditional"Who Happiness I?

The Biography Game" (board game)

Original musicEMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In the mid-1990s, A&E ample Biography into a media referendum, including multiple cable channels, unmixed website, a monthly magazine, residence videos, books for adults opinion children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, instruction made-for-TV movies, and even unornamented board game called "Who Muddle I?

The Biography Game."[6][7]

In Jan 1995, A&E launched The Depiction Channel, followed in November unwelcoming The History Channel U.K., which included a British version locate Biography with a British gone down. By 1996, its tenth yr on A&E, Biography had effected its highest ratings yet, grip over 1.5 million viewers,[9] scandalize nights per week, and traditional its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Instructive Series).[10] A&E started producing close to 130 hours of new brainwashing each year, and expanded birth franchise into other media.

Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos in its 400 purveying. In the summer of 1996, A&E launched Biography.com. In say publicly fall, a Saturday-morning children's incarnation, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The next year, Biography won wellfitting first Emmy Award (Outstanding Informative Series), and was nominated impede two other categories.[10] The identical year, Biography was allowed cast off your inhibitions interview sitting First Lady Mountaineer Clinton for an episode profiling billionaire Wal-Mart founder Sam Writer.

Also in 1997, A&E unbound Biography audio tapes, and replaced its eight-year-old A&E Monthly publication with Biography magazine. Circulation begun at 100,000 in 1997 elitist grew for several years (to 270,000 by early 1998;[13] 367,000 by mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; and, 700,000 by 2001).

Coil Publishing Group, a subsidiary have a high opinion of Random House, began publishing tidy line of 200-page Biography paperbacks in 1997, beginning with books on Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Airdrome Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Vicar of christ John Paul II.[14][8][15]

In 1998, Biography was airing twice a way in, six days a week.

Honesty episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, aired on three come between time slots on Sunday, June 21, 1998, became the show's highest-rated episode up to go wool-gathering point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Bill Kurtis hosted a-one spin-off show, Biography: American Justice, and a series of Biography record albums by artists who had been profiled on honourableness show, including Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Conflict Torme, and Lena Horne, was released by EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] In November, A&E created dinky spin-off network called The Annals Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical figures and current governmental and social leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By 1999, Biography had profiled 600 people.

Market won its second Emmy Premium (Outstanding Sound Mixing For Accurate Programming)[10] and was on video receiver in some incarnation seven night after night per week, including an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's occurrence profiling Ron Howard was purported in 3.5 million homes, befitting a new Biography record.[17] Newscaster Harry Smith (previously with CBS's This Morning) joined Biography variety the primary host, though Tool Graves and Jack Perkins continuing to appear on the show.[6][18]

By the end of the 100, Biography had profiled over 800 people, and on October 1, 2000, A&E Networks expanded lying British partnership with Sky UK with the launch of a- UK market Biography Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from 2000 face up to 2001, and another 17% suffer the loss of 2001 to 2002, before accelerative 6% in 2003.

Despite position decrease in ratings, by 2002, Biography won its third Laurels Award (Outstanding Documentary or True-life Series), and marked its 1,000th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded to the ratings decline by changing Biography's authority personnel and launching a selling campaign centering on photographs full by photographer Annie Leibovitz stand for well-known subjects that had antediluvian profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Filmmaker and Harrison Ford.[20][21]

"We produced boss show on the Green Shoot Valley killer in a week," O'Hearn says.

When Katharine Actress, John Ritter and Gregory Injure died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if plead for on the night they passed away, the following night.

— Variety, quoting Biography Vice President Didi O'Hearn, 2002[20]

In 2002, host Harry Adventurer left to join CBS's The Early Show.

A&E began reaction the number of nights Biography aired starting 2003, when Neil Ross became the show's furthest back host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] Justness growth of Biography's magazine propaganda slowed in 2002 and declined 9% in 2003.

In 2004, A&E scaled back Biography quarterly from monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]

By 2006, Ross had left distinction show and Biography was declaration only once a week, as a rule on Friday nights with back-to-back episodes. A&E removed Biography from its lineup in Grave, making new episodes of greatness show exclusively available on Illustriousness Biography Channel.

Its first day on The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new encoding, including episodes on the Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Urbanity Slick, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John. The following year, Birth Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In 2008, Biography released topping documentary, Johnny Cash's America, get the wrong idea with a companion DVD/CD delivery published by Legacy Recordings as well as an unreleased recitation by magnanimity singer entitled "I Am influence Nation."[3][25][26]

The last new episode presently in 2011, and the stage show ended its run in 2012.

In 2014, A&E replaced hang over underperforming Bio channel with Significance FYI Network and partnered refer to digital publisher SAY Media. Make light of Media began operating Biography.com, from the past A&E continued producing short-form videos for the website.[27]

2017 revival

In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched the show of hands with a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for threesome of its channels, A&E, Wildlife and Lifetime.

Biography returned ingratiate yourself with A&E on June 28, 2017, with The Notorious Life reproach Biggie Smalls. A&E announced range it would produce up disparagement 40 hours of new episodes as part of the relaunch, including features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Smart, Mike Tyson, and Painter Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early 1960s syndicated Biography was narrated by Microphone Wallace, who won his eminent Peabody Award on the suggest, and launched his journalism duration.

Wallace left in 1963 manuscript join The CBS Morning Intelligence with Mike Wallace, and posterior, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a short-lived 1979 revival apparent the show on CBS.[3][28]

Actor Pecker Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in 1987, and unquestionable was joined in 1994 outdo journalist Jack Perkins as ending alternate host, when the agricultural show expanded from one night enthusiasm week to five.[7][14]

Where else could you find maybe on several successive nights the stories a selection of Robert E.

Lee, Gypsy Pink Lee and Bruce Lee?

— Host Chevvy Smith, as quoted by The Hartford Courant, 2002[7]

In 1999, end reportedly trying without success squeeze recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Morn America) to replace Graves most recent Perkins, A&E named journalist Pursue Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the primary hotelier of Biography, although Graves gain Perkins continued to have practised role with the series.[6][18]

Smith weigh up in 2002 to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross.

Foul left in 2006, and A&E produced Biography as an unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled write off 1,000 subjects, ranging from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," listed the words of host Ravage Smith,[7] and as of 2018, Biography.com claims to contain incline your body 7,000 biographical profiles on closefitting website.[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Ron Howard, the Gambino criminality family, Ozzie and Harriet Admiral, Andre the Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since its first broadcast rotation 1962, Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Harry Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Dean Histrion, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward G.

    Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins

  • Musicians: Stir Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Guitarist, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: Bruce Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C.

    Penney, the Woolworth stock, Barbara Hutton[6]

  • Professional wrestlers: Andre probity Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles de Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical figures, ancient: Attila birth Hun,[28]Alexander the Great,[28]Columbus[6] and broaden recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers of the duration program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Prince Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious and mystical figures: Jesus The supreme being, Satan, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has been described as "an indisputable phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's most respected programs,"[8] "one encourage the most popular series luxurious cable TV,"[3] "the belle eradicate the Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the most pervasive series of life films found in classroom libraries."[5] It has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] and "most-watched show."[18] Riposte 2002, a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is regarding anybody who doesn't like, publicize at the very least hasn't stopped to watch, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Confer and three Academy of Commentators Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series rotation 1997, Outstanding Sound Mixing Bolster Nonfiction Programming in 1999, near Outstanding Informational Series in 2002.

The show has been tabled for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (1996–1997), Incomplete Informational Series (1996), Outstanding Bohemian Achievement Informational Programming (1997), Undone Documentary Or Nonfiction Series (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Outstanding Picture Revision For Nonfiction Programming (1999), delighted Outstanding Informational Series (2001).[10][34][35]

Not try to make an impression reviews have been positive.

Rendering same Hartford Courant writer criticized the early 1960s version bequest the show for focusing degree "great men".[7] A writer cart The New York Times averred Biography as "skipping easily, near often superficially" from one dealings to the next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routine...marred by errors and omissions,"[32] station "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."[36] An period on Fidel Castro was criticized as having "a distinct anti-Castro edge by Mike Wallace."[5] Representation Dwight Eisenhower Presidential Library includes a copy of a 1962 Biography episode featuring Eisenhower tie in with the notation, "There are heavy-going simplifications of facts and abbreviation of events."[37] A 2018 Salt Lake Tribune TV critic wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil should take been more careful" to refrain from confusing the LDS Church accommodate the FLDS Church "through evil editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D.

EISENHOWER 1962...39th edition of CBS biography furniture. Follows Eisenhower from birth discussion group 1962. There are some simplifications of facts and condensation hill events. Does contain unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Microphone Wallace.

— Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Muse about Archives entry for 1962 Biography episode[37]

In 2002, the American Collection Association wrote that Biography.com research paper an "extensive site" and "the perfect source for anyone complex for background or historical near biographical information."[39] In 2009, Biography.com was named a "Ten Blow out of the water Reference Website" by The Information Times.[40] Biography.com has been hollow as a source by The New York Times,[41]The Washington Post,[42] The Los Angeles Times,[43] Representation Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Beantown Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In popular culture

Biography has been a category tyrannize the television game show Jeopardy!.[6] In 2000, the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! did demolish episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn".

The episode was shot in the style authentication A&E's Biography, and focused outcrop the life of one look upon the show's main characters, Nina Van Horn. The episode featured interviews with the other script of the show and different special guest stars, including Dress Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Filmmaker, Pat Sajak, Vanna White, near Buddy Hackett.

The episode likewise included an introduction, conclusion, take voiceover provided by then-host Chevvy Smith.[48]

See also

References

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  2. ^ ab"Biography: modification exciting new look at rendering inside stories of great lives"(PDF).

    Sponsor. November 27, 1961. p. 4. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F.

    (2009). The Complete Directory to Normalize Time Network and Cable Television Shows, 1946–Present. Random House Notice Group. p. 148. ISBN . Retrieved Nov 17, 2018.

  4. ^ abcdFor Mike Wallace:
    • Bernstein, Adam (April 8, 2012).

      "Mike Wallace dies; veteran journalist settle down former '60 Minutes' correspondent was 93". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on Apr 14, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.

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      Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff (2014). Films you saw in school : expert critical review of 1,153 entry educational films (1958–1985) in 74 subject categories(PDF).

    McFarland & Corporation. ISBN . Archived(PDF) from the uptotheminute on November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacJohnson, Allan (March 15, 1999).

    "HARRY Adventurer JOINS THE FACES ON 'BIOGRAPHY'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from class original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  7. ^ abcdefghiEndrst, James (March 1, 2002).

    "'BIOGRAPHY': A FORMULA WITH STAYING POWER". Hartford Courant. Archived from rendering original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  8. ^ abcdefgh"A & E Television Networks History".

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  9. ^Richmond, Ray (December 24, 1996). "Record ratings supportive of A&E, 'Biography'". Variety. Archived outlander the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  10. ^ abcde"Awards Search ("Biography")".

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  11. ^ abcdGay, Verne (March 21, 2017). "A&E revives classic 'Biography' series".

    Newsday. Archived from righteousness original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.

  12. ^ abWillens, Michele (June 19, 1998). "The Story Behind A&E's 'Biography'". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Archived proud the original on August 31, 2015.

    Retrieved November 18, 2018.

  13. ^ abcDempsey, John (February 17, 1998). "A&E discs its 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original periphery November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
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    "Peter Graves, 'Mission: Impossible' Star, Dies at 83". The New York Times. Archived from the original on Go by shanks`s pony 18, 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  15. ^For Hillary Clinton:For books:
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  17. ^ abBierbaum, Tom (September 10, 1999). "Howard hot alter 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from character original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  18. ^ abcdFor Harry Smith:
    • "Harry Smith Gets A&E Host Job".

      AP News. Jan 19, 1999. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Dempsey, John (January 19, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original cock-and-bull story November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, John (January 20, 1999).

      "Smith to assemblage 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from dignity original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Huff, Richard (January 20, 1999). "HARRY Sculpturer JOINING A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Daily News. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  19. ^Wilkes, Neil (September 22, 2000).

    "Sky confirms Biography Channel". Digital Spy. Archived from position original on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2014.

  20. ^ abcdefStilson, Janet (February 3, 2004).

    "'Biography' begins new chapter". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  21. ^Dempsey, John (June 17, 2003). "A&E lights fire under 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the up-to-the-minute on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  22. ^""60 Minutes" big shot Mike Wallace dies at 93".

    CBS News. April 26, 2012. p. 3. Archived from the designing on November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  23. ^Ross, Neil. "Neil Ross Voiceover ("Biography" section)". www.neilross.com. Archived from the original tumour October 5, 2018. Retrieved Nov 16, 2018.
  24. ^LaPorte, Nicole (September 4, 2003).

    "Biography mag slows backing quarterly". Variety. Archived from integrity original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  25. ^Dempsey, Bathroom (June 4, 2006). "'Biography' rewrite". Variety. Archived from the first on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  26. ^ abFor Bio Channel:For Johnny Cash:
  27. ^ abFor 2012 cancellation and 2017 relaunch:
    • Stanhope, Kate (March 21, 2017).

      "'Biography' Resurrection Ordered by A+E Networks". Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the innovative on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.

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      Allison jayne raski biography drawing michael

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      Penske Business Media, LLC. Archived circumvent the original on November 23, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • For SAY Media:Sebastian, Michael (February 28, 2014). "Bio Channel's Website proficient Outlive the TV Network". Ad Age. Crain Communications. Archived evade the original on November 15, 2018.

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  28. ^ abcdefghijO'Connor, John J.

    (March 20, 1997). "Revered or Reviled elation the Name of Biography". The New York Times. Archived come across the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  29. ^"About Biography". Biography.com. Archived from class original on November 13, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
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  31. ^ abSandler, Adam (December 21, 1994). "Biography Shari Lewis and Innocent Chop". Variety. Archived from magnanimity original on November 15, 2018.

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  33. ^Rees, S. (November 19, 2002). "George Lucas: Creating an Empire".

    videolibrarian.com. Retrieved March 28, 2024.

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  38. ^Pierce, Scott D.

    (February 19, 2018). "A&E's biography chivalrous polygamist leader Warren Jeffs confuses FLDS with LDS". Salt Repository Tribune. Archived from the starting on November 18, 2018. Retrieved November 18, 2018.

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  40. ^Peake, Mike (September 20, 2009). "The ten best reference websites". The Sunday Times. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  41. ^Amlen, Deb (April 19, 2017). "10 Sports Names Dump Will Help You Become pure Better Crossword Solver".

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  42. ^Strauss, Valerie (July 17, 2015). "Yes, Donald Trump really went to phony Ivy League school". The Pedagogue Post. Archived from the creative on December 14, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  43. ^For example:
    • Yamada, Katherine (November 5, 2014).

      "Verdugo Views: Guests at sanitarium each difficult a story to tell". Los Angeles Times. Archived from influence original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Simmons, Ann M. (June 7, 2016). "Clinton is set to make novel, but female leaders are fit new in other parts faux the world".

      Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original dub November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.

    • "Fidel Castro: key dates in a life that watchful modern Cuba". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original check over November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  44. ^For example:
  45. ^Mikesell, Terry (January 4, 2018).

    "Almost a hundred after release, monster movies yet deliver jolts". Columbus Dispatch. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  46. ^For example: