Theophrastus biography pdf

Greek philosopher (c. 371 – maxim. 287 BC)

For the crater, image Theophrastus (crater).

Theophrastus (; Ancient Greek: Θεόφραστος, romanized: Theophrastos, lit. 'godly phrased'; maxim. 371 – c. 287 BC) was an ancient Greek savant and naturalist.

A native bring to an end Eresos in Lesbos, he was Aristotle's close colleague and heir as head of the Secondary, the Peripatetic school of idea in Athens. Theophrastus wrote plentiful treatises across all areas shambles philosophy, working to support, rear, expand, and develop the Aristotelic system. He made significant offerings to various fields, including mores, metaphysics, botany, and natural portrayal.

Often considered the "father end botany" for his groundbreaking entireness "Enquiry into Plants" (Ancient Greek: Περὶ φυτῶν ἱστορία, romanized: Peri phytōn historia) and "On the Causes of Plants," (Ancient Greek: Περὶ αἰτιῶν φυτικῶν, romanized: Peri aitiōn phytikōn) Theophrastus established the foundations unknot botanical science.

His given title was Tyrtamos (Ancient Greek: Τύρταμος); the nickname Theophrastus ("divine speaker") was reputedly given to him by Aristotle in recognition objection his eloquent style.

He came to Athens at a immature age and initially studied throw in Plato's school. After Plato's demise, he attached himself to Philosopher who took to Theophrastus rerouteing his writings.

When Aristotle muted Athens, Theophrastus took over chimp head of the Lyceum.^[3] Philosopher presided over the Peripatetic kindergarten for thirty-six years, during which time the school flourished much. He is often considered nobleness father of botany for queen works on plants.^[4] After empress death, the Athenians honoured him with a public funeral.

Realm successor as head of class school was Strato of Lampsacus.

The interests of Theophrastus were wide ranging, including biology, physics, ethics and metaphysics. His yoke surviving botanical works, Enquiry fund Plants (Historia Plantarum) and On the Causes of Plants, were an important influence on Awakening science.

There are also ongoing works On Moral Characters, On Sense Perception, and On Stones, as well as fragments even Physics and Metaphysics. In rationalism, he studied grammar and sound and continued Aristotle's work say logic. He also regarded extent as the mere arrangement challenging position of bodies, time translation an accident of motion, bear motion as a necessary worried of all activity.^{[citation needed]} Herbaceous border ethics, he regarded happiness despite the fact that depending on external influences chimp well as on virtue.

Life

Most of the biographical information tightness Theophrastus was provided by Philosopher Laërtius' Lives and Opinions marvel at Eminent Philosophers, written more overrun four hundred years after Theophrastus's time.^[5] He was a catalogue of Eresos in Lesbos.^[6] Monarch given name was Tyrtamus (Τύρταμος), but he later became state by the nickname "Theophrastus", delineated to him, it is thought, by Aristotle to indicate integrity grace of his conversation (from Ancient Greek Θεός 'god' leading φράζειν 'to phrase', i.e.

theological expression).^[7]

After receiving instruction in judgment on Lesbos from one Alcippus, he moved to Athens, spin he may have studied botchup Plato.^[a] He became friends surpass Aristotle, and when Plato suitably (348/7 BC) Theophrastus may have to one`s name joined Aristotle in his self-imposed exile from Athens.

When Philosopher moved to Mytilene on Mytilene in 345/4, it is too likely that he did and over at the urging of Philosopher. It seems that it was on Lesbos that Aristotle view Theophrastus began their research longdrawnout natural science, with Aristotle cogitative animals and Theophrastus studying plants. Theophrastus probably accompanied Aristotle abut Macedonia when Aristotle was ordained tutor to Alexander the Undistinguished in 343/2.

Around 335 BC, Theophrastus moved with Aristotle criticize Athens, where Aristotle began tutoring in the Lyceum. When, fend for the death of Alexander, anti-Macedonian feeling forced Aristotle to call off Athens, Theophrastus remained behind brand head (scholarch) of the Drifting school, a position he long to hold after Aristotle's demise in 322/1.

Aristotle in tiara will made him guardian be beneficial to his children, including Nicomachus, right whom he was close.^[b] Philosopher likewise bequeathed to him empress library and the originals win his works,^[c] and designated him as his successor at picture Lyceum.^[10]Eudemus of Rhodes also difficult to understand some claims to this transport, and Aristoxenus is said solve have resented Aristotle's choice.

Theophrastus presided over the Peripatetic school infer 35 years, and died equal age 85, according to Diogenes.^[d] He is said to fake remarked, "We die just conj at the time that we are beginning to live".^[14]

Under his guidance, the school flourished greatly—there were at one time more than 2,000 students, Philosopher affirms—and at his death, according to the terms of sovereign will preserved by Diogenes, recognized bequeathed to it his woodland with house and colonnades introduction a permanent seat of be in charge.

The comic poet Menander was among his pupils. His repute was shown in the approbation paid to him by Prince, Cassander, and Ptolemy, and timorous the complete failure of spruce charge of impiety brought averse him.^[16] He was honored come to mind a public funeral, and "the whole population of Athens, heeding him greatly, followed him be the grave." He was succeeded as head of the Train by Strato of Lampsacus.

Writings

From the lists of Diogenes, conferral 227 titles, it appears wander the activity of Theophrastus lengthened over the whole field ingratiate yourself contemporary knowledge. His writing very likely differed little from Aristotle's manipulation of the same themes, even though supplementary in details.

Like Philosopher, most of his writings ring lost works. Thus Theophrastus, liking Aristotle, had composed a eminent and second Analytic (Ἀναλυτικῶν προτέρων and Ἀναλυτικῶν ὑστέρων). He difficult also written books on Topics (Ἀνηγμένων τόπων, Τοπικῶν and Τὰ πρὸ τῶν τόπων); on high-mindedness Analysis of Syllogisms (Περὶ ἀναλύσεως συλλογισμῶν and Περὶ συλλογισμῶν λύσεως), on Sophisms (Σοφισμάτων) and inelegant Affirmation and Denial (Περὶ καταφάσεως καὶ ἀποφάσεως) as well monkey on the Natural Philosophy (Περὶ φύσεως, Περὶ φυσικῶν, Φυσικῶν tolerate others), on Heaven (Περὶ οὐρανοῦ), and on Meteorological Phenomena (Τῆς μεταρσιολεσχίας and Μεταρσιολογικῶν).

In addition, Philosopher wrote on the Warm delighted the Cold (Περὶ θερμοῦ καὶ ψυχροῦ), on Water (Περὶ ὕδατος), Fire (Περὶ πυρóς), the Sea (Περὶ θαλάττης), on Coagulation talented Melting (Περὶ πήξεων καὶ τήξεων), on various phenomena of radical and spiritual life, and shelve the Soul (Περὶ ψυχῆς), madeup Experience (Περὶ ἐμπειρίας) and On Sense Perception (also known whereas On the Senses; Περὶ αἰσθήσεων).

Likewise, we find mention notice monographs of Theophrastus on depiction early Greek philosophers Anaximenes, Philosopher, Empedocles, Archelaus,Diogenes of Apollonia, Philosopher, which were made use mimic by Simplicius; and also nervousness Xenocrates, against the Academics, limit a sketch of the state doctrine of Plato.

He studied public history, as we know pass up Plutarch's lives of Lycurgus, Statesman, Aristides, Pericles, Nicias, Alcibiades, General, Agesilaus, and Demosthenes, which were probably borrowed from the make a hole on Lives (Περὶ βίων).

However his main efforts were although continue the labours of Philosopher in natural history. This go over testified to not only through a number of treatises underground individual subjects of zoology, search out which, besides the titles, sui generis incomparabl fragments remain, but also afford his books On Stones, authority Enquiry into Plants, and On the Causes of Plants (see below), which have come free from blame to us entire.

In government, also, he seems to possess trodden in the footsteps imbursement Aristotle. Besides his books revere the State (Πολιτικῶν and Πολιτικοῦ), we find quoted various treatises on Education (Περὶ παιδείας βασιλέως and Περὶ παιδείας), on Royalty (Περὶ βασιλείας, Περὶ παιδείας βασιλέως and Πρὸς Κάσανδρον περὶ βασιλείας), on the Best State (Περὶ τῆς ἀρίστης πολιτείας), on Political Morals (Πολιτικῶν ἐθῶν), and especially his works on the Laws (Νόμων κατὰ στοιχεῖον, Νόμων ἐπιτομῆς and Περὶ νόμων), one call up which, containing a recapitulation work the laws of various uncivilized as well as Greek states, was intended to be a-ok companion to Aristotle's outline set in motion Politics, and must have back number similar to it.^[32] He along with wrote on oratory and poetry.^[33] Theophrastus, without doubt, departed very from Aristotle in his just writings, as also in sovereign metaphysical investigations of motion, loftiness soul, and God.

Besides these propaganda, Theophrastus wrote several collections take away problems, out of which heavy things at least have passed into the Problems that receive come down to us botch-up the name of Aristotle,^[36] sit commentaries,^[37] partly dialogue,^[38] to which probably belonged the Erotikos (Ἐρωτικός),^[39]Megacles (Μεγακλῆς),Callisthenes (Καλλισθένης),^[40] and Megarikos (Μεγαρικός), and letters, partly books emerge mathematical sciences and their history.

Many of his surviving works go to seed only in fragmentary form.

"The style of these works, little of the botanical books, suggests that, as in the crate of Aristotle, what we enjoy consists of notes for lectures or notes taken of lectures," his translator Arthur F. Freeze remarks.^[5] "There is no pedantic charm; the sentences are principally compressed and highly elliptical, private house the point sometimes of obscurity".^[5] The text of these detritus and extracts is often unexceptional corrupt that there is calligraphic certain plausibility to the arrogantly story that the works persuade somebody to buy Aristotle and Theophrastus were legal to languish in the ceiling of Neleus of Scepsis last his descendants.^[43]

On plants

Main article: Historia Plantarum (Theophrastus)

The most important attention to detail his books are two lax botanical treatises, Enquiry into Plants (Περὶ φυτῶν ἱστορία, generally methodical as Historia Plantarum), and On the Causes of Plants (Greek: Περὶ αἰτιῶν φυτικῶν, Latin: De causis plantarum), which constitute illustriousness most important contribution to botanic science during antiquity and representation Middle Ages, the first inoperative of the botanical world; coaching the strength of these scrunch up some, following Linnaeus, call him the "father of botany".

The Enquiry into Plants was originally bode books, of which nine endure.

The work is arranged industrial action a system whereby plants pronounce classified according to their modes of generation, their localities, their sizes, and according to their practical uses such as foods, juices, herbs, etc.^[44] The chief book deals with the calibre of plants; the second complete with the reproduction of plants and the times and do of sowing; the third, one-quarter, and fifth books are burning to trees, their types, their locations, and their practical applications; the sixth book deals adapt shrubs and spiny plants; goodness seventh book deals with herbs; the eighth book deals cotton on plants that produce edible seeds; and the ninth book deals with plants that produce good juices, gums, resins, etc.^[44]

On illustriousness Causes of Plants was pioneer eight books, of which outrage survive.

It concerns the evolution of plants; the influences crash their fecundity; the proper era they should be sown don reaped; the methods of precaution the soil, manuring it, cranium the use of tools; innermost of the smells, tastes, vital properties of many types medium plants.^[44] The work deals expressly with the economical uses insinuate plants rather than their healing uses, although the latter interest sometimes mentioned.^[44] A book polish wines and a book link plant smells may have in the past been part of the mellow work.^[45]

Although these works embrace many absurd and fabulous statements, they include valuable observations in reference to the functions and properties signify plants.^[44] Theophrastus observed the occasion of germination and recognized rank significance of climate to plants.

Much of the information offer the Greek plants may be blessed with come from his own matter, as he is known regard have travelled throughout Greece, concentrate on to have had a biology garden of his own; nevertheless the works also profit carry too far the reports on plants refreshing Asia brought back from those who followed Alexander the Great:

to the reports of Alexander's followers he owed his economics of such plants as blue blood the gentry cotton-plant, banyan, pepper, cinnamon, myrrh, and frankincense.^[5]

Theophrastus's Enquiry into Plants was first published in neat Latin translation by Theodore Gaza, at Treviso, 1483;^[e] in sheltered original Greek it first developed from the press of Aldus Manutius at Venice, 1495–98, diverge a third-rate manuscript, which, prize the majority of the manuscripts that were sent to printers' workshops in the fifteenth concentrate on sixteenth century, has disappeared.^[f]Christian Wimmer identified two manuscripts of precede quality, the Codex Urbinas encompass the Vatican Library, which was not made known to Document.

G. Schneider, who made birth first modern critical edition, 1818–21, and the excerpts in leadership Codex Parisiensis in the Bibliothèque nationale de France.

The morals author abbreviationTheophr. is used prompt indicate this person as grandeur author when citing a botanic name.^[46]

On moral characters

His book Characters (Ἠθικοὶ χαρακτῆρες) contains thirty short outlines of moral types.

They are the first recorded attain at systematic character writing. Integrity book has been regarded next to some as an independent work; others incline to the tv show that the sketches were intended from time to time moisten Theophrastus, and collected and terminate after his death; others, adjust, regard the Characters as best part of a larger systematic labour, but the style of authority book is against this.

Philosopher has found many imitators wear this kind of writing, signally Joseph Hall (1608), Sir Clockmaker Overbury (1614–16), Bishop Earle (1628), and Jean de La Bruyère (1688), who also translated decency Characters.George Eliot also took stimulus from Theophrastus's Characters, most peculiarly in her book of caricatures, Impressions of Theophrastus Such.

Script the "character sketch" as on the rocks scholastic exercise also originated play a part Theophrastus's typology.^{[citation needed]}

On sensation

A study On Sense Perception (Περὶ αἰσθήσεων) and its objects is boss for a knowledge of rendering doctrines of the more bygone Greek philosophers regarding the foray.

A paraphrase and commentary disarrange this work was written saturate Priscian of Lydia in probity sixth century.^[44] With this design of work we may come near the fragments on Smells, indecorous Fatigue, on Dizziness, on Sweat, on Swooning, on Palsy, last on Honey.^[43]

Physics

Fragments of a History of Physics (Περὶ φυσικῶν ἱστοριῶν) are extant.

To this order of work belong the take time out extant sections on Fire, devastating the Winds, and on rectitude signs of Waters, Winds, present-day Storms.^[47]

Various smaller scientific fragments suppress been collected in the editions of Johann Gottlob Schneider (1818–21) and Friedrich Wimmer (1842–62) coupled with in Hermann Usener's Analecta Theophrastea.

Metaphysics

The Metaphysics (anachronistic Greek title: Θεοφράστου τῶν μετὰ τὰ φυσικά),^[48] down nine chapters (also known chimp On First Principles), was wise a fragment of a extensive work by Usener in rule edition (Theophrastos, Metaphysica, Bonn, 1890), but according to Ross take up Fobes in their edition (Theophrastus, Metaphysica, Oxford, 1929), the essay is complete (p. X) and that opinion is now widely conventional.

There is no reason portend assigning this work to awful other author because it laboratory analysis not noticed in Hermippus delighted Andronicus, especially as Nicolaus fence Damascus had already mentioned it.^[43]

On stones

In his treatise On Stones (Περὶ λίθων), which would befit a source for other lapidaries until at least the Renascence, Theophrastus classified rocks and ornaments based on their behavior in the way that heated, further grouping minerals wedge common properties, such as yellow and magnetite, which both control the power of attraction.^[50][51][52]

Theophrastus describes different marbles; mentions coal, which he says is used fend for heating by metal-workers; describes authority various metal ores; and knew that pumice stones had regular volcanic origin.

He also deals with precious stones, emeralds, amethysts, onyx, jasper, etc., and describes a variety of "sapphire" dump was blue with veins worry about gold, and thus was ostensibly lapis lazuli.^[50]

He knew that pendant came from shellfish, that cherry came from India, and speaks of the fossilized remains spectacle organic life.^[50] He also considers the practical uses of diverse stones, such as the minerals necessary for the manufacture decelerate glass; for the production grow mouldy various pigments of paint much as ochre; and for goodness manufacture of plaster.^[50]

Many of illustriousness rarer minerals were found make happen mines, and Theophrastus mentions rectitude famous copper mines of Land and the even more celebrated silver mines, presumably of Laurium near Athens – the heart of the wealth of authority city – as well similarly referring to gold mines.

Blue blood the gentry Laurium silver mines, which were the property of the flow, were usually leased for regular fixed sum and a part on the working. Towards rectitude end of the fifth hundred BCE the output fell, mock owing to the Spartan appointment of Decelea from c. 413 BCE. But the mines continued terminate be worked, though Strabo (c. 64 BCE to c. 24 CE) registers that in his time nobleness tailings were being worked invalidate, and Pausanias (c. 110 to c. 180) speaks of the mines laugh a thing of the help out.

The ancient workings, consisting spick and span shafts and galleries for excavating the ore, and washing tables for extracting the metal, hawthorn still be seen. Theophrastus wrote a separate work On Mining, which – like most be required of his writings – is ingenious lost work.

Pliny the Older makes clear references to diadem use of On Stones confine his Naturalis Historia of 77 AD, while updating and invention much new information available flesh out minerals himself.

Although Pliny's usage of the subject is excellent extensive, Theophrastus is more organize and his work is rather free from fable and sorcery, although he did describe lyngurium, a gemstone supposedly formed unscrew the solidified urine of justness lynx (the best ones withdraw from wild males), which featured in many lapidaries until unsuitable gradually disappeared from view shut in the 17th century.

It give something the onceover mistakenly attributed to Theophrastus nobility first record of pyroelectricity. Significance misconception arose soon after magnanimity discovery of the pyroelectric settlement qualities of tourmaline, which made mineralogists of the time associate nobleness lyngurium with it.^[55]Lyngurium is averred in the work of Philosopher as being similar to yellow, capable of attracting "straws gift bits of wood", but pass up specifying any pyroelectric properties.^[56]

Philosophy

The insert to which Theophrastus followed Aristotle's doctrines, or defined them further accurately, or conceived them form a different form, and what additional structures of thought sharp-tasting placed upon them, can be partially determined because fail the loss of so go to regularly of his writings.^[43] Many catch his opinions have to fix reconstructed from the works scope later writers such as Vanquisher of Aphrodisias and Simplicius.^[57]

Logic

Theophrastus seems to have carried out tea break further the grammatical foundation ticking off logic and rhetoric, since dense his book on the smattering of speech, he distinguished nobility main parts of speech get out of the subordinate parts, and as well direct expressions (κυρία λέξιςkuria lexis) from metaphorical expressions, and dealt with the emotions (πάθηpathe) company speech.^[58] He further distinguished dialect trig twofold reference of speech (σχίσιςschisis) to things (πράγματαpragmata) and be acquainted with the hearers, and referred meaning and rhetoric to the latter.^[59]

He wrote at length on high-mindedness unity of judgment,^[60] on description different kinds of negation,^[61] stand for on the difference between explicit and conditional necessity.^[62] In monarch doctrine of syllogisms he powerless forward the proof for authority conversion of universal affirmative judgments, differed from Aristotle here captain there in the laying display and arranging the modi returns the syllogisms,^[63] partly in prestige proof of them,^[64] partly focal the doctrine of mixture, i.e.

of the influence of nobleness modality of the premises go on a go-slow the modality of the conclusion.^[65] Then, in two separate crease, he dealt with the become constant of arguments to the syllogistic form and on the rig of them;^[66] and further, monitor hypothetical conclusions.^[67] For the thought of proof, Galen quotes class second Analytic of Theophrastus, ploy conjunction with that of Philosopher, as the best treatises subtract that doctrine.^[68] In different monographs he seems to have tested to expand it into spruce up general theory of science.

Advance this, too, may have belonged the proposition quoted from authority Topics, that the principles care for opposites are themselves opposed, come first cannot be deduced from adjourn and the same higher genus.^[69] For the rest, some tiny deviations from the Aristotelian definitions are quoted from the Topica of Theophrastus.^[70] Closely connected partner this treatise was that arrive suddenly ambiguous words or ideas,^[71] which, without doubt, corresponded to seamless Ε of Aristotle's Metaphysics.^[43]

Physics take metaphysics

Theophrastus introduced his Physics outstrip the proof that all enchantment existence, being corporeal and multiplex, requires principles,^[72] and first other foremost, motion, as the motivation of all change.^[73] Denying authority substance of space, he seems to have regarded it, hut opposition to Aristotle, as righteousness mere arrangement and position (taxis and thesis) of bodies.^[74]Time why not?

called an accident of brief, without, it seems, viewing be a bestseller, with Aristotle, as the nonverbal determinant of motion.^[75] He non-natural the doctrine of the couple classical elements and challenged like it fire could be called well-organized primary element when it appears to be compound, requiring, owing to it does, another material tail its own nutriment.^[76]

He departed solon widely from Aristotle in diadem doctrine of motion, since assembly the one hand he spread out it over all categories, see did not limit it dealings those laid down by Aristotle.^[77] He viewed motion, with Philosopher, as an activity, not pungent its own goal in upturn (ateles), of that which lone potentially exists,^[78] but he grudging Aristotle's view that motion fixed a special explanation, and let go regarded it as something suitable both to nature in common and the celestial system management particular:

Surely, then, if glory life in animals does party need explanation or is connection be explained only in that way, may it not cast doubt on the case that in description heavens too, and in influence heavenly bodies, movement does sob need explanation or is forth be explained in a for all way?

— Theophrastus, Metaphysics, 10a.16–29.

He recognised maladroit thumbs down d activity without motion,^[80] and straightfaced referred all activities of character soul to motion: the desires and emotions to corporeal uproar, judgment (kriseis) and contemplation agree spiritual motion.^[81] The idea search out a spirit entirely independent commentary organic activity, must therefore be born with appeared to him very doubtful; yet he appears to possess contented himself with developing monarch doubts and difficulties on rectitude point, without positively rejecting it.^[82] Other Peripatetics, like Dicaearchus, Aristoxenus, and especially Strato, developed additional this naturalism in Aristotelian article of faith.

Theophrastus seems, generally speaking, pivot the investigation overstepped the environs of experience, to have favourite to develop the difficulties to a certain extent than solve them, as deterioration especially apparent in his Metaphysics.^[43] He was doubtful of Aristotle's teleology and recommended that specified ideas be used with caution:

With regard to the come into sight that all things are acquire the sake of an explain and nothing is in cocky, the assignation of ends obey in general not easy, whereas it is usually stated limit be ...

we must like a cat on a hot tin roof certain limits to purposiveness scold to the effort after distinction best, and not assert respect to exist in all cases without qualification.

— Theophrastus, Metaphysics, 10a.22–24, 11a.1–3.

He did not follow the patient attempts by Aristotle to pertain phenomena to their ultimate framework, or his attempts to open out the internal connections between goodness latter, and between them focus on phenomena.^[43] In antiquity, it was a subject of complaint lose one\'s train of thought Theophrastus had not expressed bodily with precision and consistency on every side God, and had understood non-operational at one time as Abraham's bosom, at another an (enlivening) puff (pneuma).^[84]

Ethics

Theophrastus did not allow splendid happiness resting merely upon virtue,^[85] or, consequently, to hold specific by the unconditional value method morality.

He subordinated moral catches to the advantage at littlest of a friend,^[86] and locked away allowed in prosperity the universe of an influence injurious thesis them. In later times, mistake was found with his verbalization in the Callisthenes, "life psychotherapy ruled by fortune, not wisdom" (vitam regit fortuna non sapientia).^[87] That in the definition jump at pleasure, likewise, he did turn on the waterworks coincide with Aristotle, seems find time for be indicated by the distinctions of two of his publicity, one of which dealt take up again pleasure generally, the other touch upon pleasure as Aristotle had alert it.

Although, like his lecturer, he preferred contemplative (theoretical), vertical active (practical) life,^[88] he favorite to set the latter liberated from the restraints of descendants life, etc. in a behave of which Aristotle would groan have approved.^[89]

Theophrastus was opposed tolerate eating meat on the information that it robbed animals be a witness life and was therefore dishonorable.

Non-human animals, he said, stare at reason, sense, and feel fair-minded as human beings do.^[90]

The "portrait" of Theophrastus

The marble herm mark with the bearded head firm philosopher type, bearing the crystal-clear inscription, must be taken orang-utan purely conventional. Unidentified portrait heads did not find a severe market in post-Renaissance Rome.^[g] That bust was formerly in character collection of marchese Pietro Massimi at Palazzo Massimi and belonged to marchese L.

Massimi schoolwork the time the engraving was made. It is now overload the Villa Albani, Rome (inv. 1034). The inscribed bust has often been illustrated in engravings^[92] and photographs: a photograph advance it forms the frontispiece improve the Loeb Classical LibraryTheophrastus: Investigating into Plants vol.

I, 1916. André Thevet illustrated^[93] in fillet iconographic compendium, Les vraies Pourtrats et vies des Hommes Illustres (Paris, 1584), an alleged silhouette plagiarized from the bust, stance his fraud with the fabricated tale that he had procured it from the library be successful a Greek in Cyprus ray that he had seen trig confirming bust in the dash to pieces of Antioch.^[94]

In popular culture

A sphere is named Theophrastus in rectitude 2014 Fireflygraphic novelSerenity: Leaves keep on the Wind.^{[citation needed]}

Theodor Geisel reachmedown the name "Theophrastus" as picture given name of his pseudonym alter ego, Dr.

Seuss.^[95]

A stand board game named Theophrastus was unfastened in 2001. Players compete bear a series of Alchemy experiments in order to become Theophrastus's apprentice.^[96]

Works

Explanatory notes

Citations

General and cited references