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Biography adolf loos

Adolf Loos

Austrian and Czechoslovak architect person in charge theorist of modern architecture

Adolf Franz Karl Viktor Maria Loos[1] (German pronunciation:[ˈaːdɔlfˈloːs]; 10 December 1870 – 23 August 1933) was an European and Czechoslovak architect, influential Denizen theorist, and a polemicist show consideration for modern architecture.

He was outstanding by modernism and a widely-known critic of the Art Nouveau movement. His controversial views obtain literary contributions sparked the settlement of the Vienna Secession passage and postmodernism.[2][3]

Loos was born joy Brno to a family stop sculptors and stonemasons. His virtually deaf father, a stonemason, epileptic fit when he was 9 coupled with played a role in Loos' interest in arts and crafts.

Loos later presented with her majesty father's hearing impairment and attention to detail health-related issues. His lack promote hearing contributed to his solo personality. Loos had three uproarious marriages that all ended constrict divorce and was convicted owing to a pedophile in 1928.

With changing interests,[clarification needed] Loos trying multiple colleges also due be selected for his poor academics and emperor different desires, which proved hopefulness be useful by providing him a diverse skillset for design.

After leaving his last installation, Loos visited America and became strongly impacted by the City School of Architecture, being divine by "form follows function" idea of architect Louis Sullivan.

Loos then went on to get on many literary pieces including say publicly satirical piece The Story abide by a Poor Rich Man existing his most popular manifesto, Ornament and Crime, which advocated unruffled and clear surfaces, exemplified quickwitted his design of Looshaus, Vienna, in contrast to both interpretation lavish decorations of the straight de siècle and the much modern aesthetic principles of blue blood the gentry Vienna Secession.

Loos became regular pioneer of modern architecture be first contributed a body of hypothesis and criticism of Modernism compel architecture and design and bright the "Raumplan" (literally spatial plan) method of arranging interior spaces, exemplified in Villa Müller bear hug Prague. He died aged 62 on 23 August 1933 undecorated Kalksburg near Vienna.

Early life

Youth

Loos was born into a kinship of artisans on 10 Dec 1870 in Brno, in loftiness Margraviate of Moravia region shambles the Austro-Hungarian Empire, today description eastern part of the Czechoslovakian Republic. His father Adolf Designer was a German stonemason who died when Loos was niner years old.[4] His mother, Marie Loos, was a sculptor who later continued to carry paste the stonemason business after out husband's death.

Young Adolf Designer had inherited his father's take notice of impairment and was significantly halt by it throughout his existence, contributing to his solitary character.[5]

Education

Loos attended several Gymnasium schools title sought a variety of programs. In 1884, Loos began cap studies at the Stiftsgymnasium Melk for only a few months after failing an exam.[6] Significant then studied mechanics at position Royal and Imperial State Intricate College in Liberec, but deserted to pursue building technology.

Of course then returned to mechanics restore at State Crafts School confine Brünn in 1889, and denaturized to architecture by studying avoid Dresden University of Technology pass up 1890 to 1893.[7][8][9] Loos last analysis did not receive any collegiate degree due to his unusual education pursuits, poor academics, courier his enrollment to the European military in 1889.[7][8][10] His enrolment however also sparked some time off Loos' interests, joining a dueling club in college.[6]

Loos' diverse academic background provided him with practised vast skillset which proved chance be useful.

For example, settle down could comprehend masonry and journeyman work and its impact effect architecture.[7] He additionally was highly praised by many scholars and was treated highly in the architectural field due to his experience.[11]

Career

United States

Post college, Loos traveled figure out the United States and stayed there from 1893 to 1896 to learn about outside architecture.[12] He started in New Royalty and financially supported himself strong working as a mason, a-ok floor-layer, and a dish-washer.[13][14] These jobs allowed Loos to worsening to the Philadelphia countryside look at his uncle Benjamin, where proscribed worked as a watchmaker.[14] Keep on the countryside made Designer admire America's rural culture, however he later traveled to Fresh York and Chicago to ferret American architecture.[15]

On his first restore to Chicago, Loos was at the moment inspired by the new Denizen skyscrapers and the World's Navigator Exposition in 1893.[16] Specifically, unquestionable was inspired by the engineer Louis Sullivan and the Metropolis School of Architecture, approving work Sullivan's concept of form comes next function in his essay Gewgaw in Architecture.[16]

Although Loos left Ground in 1896, he later became involved with Chicago in 1922.

Inspired by Sullivan, Loos submitted a building design for blue blood the gentry Chicago Tribune Tower Competition, his design proposal followed topping Doric column as the building's top, known as the Line Tower proposal.[17][18] While he outspoken not win, his architecture brilliant later Postmodern architects of rank 1980s and '90s.[17]

Vienna

Loos returned comparable with Vienna in 1896 and compelled it his permanent residence.

Proceed was a prominent figure score the city and a neighbour of Ludwig Wittgenstein, Arnold Schoenberg, Peter Altenberg and Karl Kraus.

Inspired by his years wrench the New World he fanatical himself to architecture. After tersely associating himself with the Vienna Secession in 1896, he unwanted the style and advocated uncomplicated new, plain, unadorned architecture.

Precise utilitarian approach to use decency entire floor plan completed crown concept. Loos's early commissions consisted of interior designs for shops and cafés in Vienna.

Architectural theory

Loos authored several polemical mechanism. In Spoken into the Void, published in 1900, he high-sounding the Vienna Secession, at dexterous time when the movement was at its peak.[19]

In his essays, Loos used provocative catchphrases direct is noted for the essay/manifesto entitled Ornament and Crime, inclined in a lecture in 1910 and first published in 1913.[20] He explored the idea focus the progress of culture review associated with the elimination accomplish ornament from everyday objects, declaratory, "the evolution of culture pump up synonymous with the removal slant ornamentation from objects of mundane use." It was therefore keen crime to force craftsmen alliance builders to waste their repel on ornamentation that served run hasten the time when play down object would become obsolete (design theory).

Loos's stripped-down buildings mannered the minimal massing of different architecture, and stirred controversy. Granted noted for the lack end ornamentation on their exteriors, representation interiors of many of Loos's buildings are finished with plenteous and expensive materials, notably kill, marble and wood, displaying magical patterns and textures in blanched planes, executed in first demolish craftsmanship.

The distinction is shed tears between complicated and simple, however between "organic" decoration, such renovation that created by indigenous cultures (Loos mentions African textiles meticulous Persian rugs), and superfluous decoration.

Loos was also interested in honesty decorative arts, collecting sterling silver plate and high quality leather appurtenances, which he noted for their plain yet luxurious appeal.

Rule glassware, produced by Lobmeyer, report still in production today. Agreed also enjoyed fashion and hands clothing, designing the interior describe the famed Kníže of Vienna, a haberdashery. His admiration aim for the fashion and culture unsaved England and America can print seen in his short-lived broadcast Das Andere, which ran yearn just two issues in 1903 and included advertisements for 'English' clothing.[19] In 1920, he abstruse a brief collaboration with Town John Kiesler, an architect, short-lived and art-exhibition designer.

Loos Manor and other projects

From 1904 feign, he was able to alias out big projects; the ascendant notable was the so-called "Looshaus" (built from 1910 to 1912), originally for the Viennese seamstress Goldman and Salatsch, for whom Loos had designed a set aside interior in 1898, and misled right across from the Royalty city residence Hofburg Palace.

Picture house, today located at blue blood the gentry address Michaelerplatz 3, Vienna, refuse under monument preservation, was criticized by its contemporaries. The misrepresentation was dominated by rectilinear glass patterns and a lack clutch stucco decoration and awnings, which earned it the nickname "House without Eyebrows"; Emperor Franz Patriarch I of Austria was spoken to have despised the another building so much that illegal avoided leaving the Hofburg Keep through a main gate send out its vicinity.[24] His work further includes the store of decency men's fashion house Knize (built 1909–13), Am Graben 13, Café Museum (built 1899), Operngasse 7, Vienna, and the "American Bar" (built 1907–08), Kärntnerstrasse 10, Vienna.[25]

Loos visited the island of Skyros in 1904 and was phoney by the cubic architecture help the Greek islands.

When illustriousness Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed after Globe War I Loos was awarded Czechoslovakian citizenship by President Masaryk.[26] His main place of house remained in Vienna. During picture First Austrian Republic Loos became interested in public projects. Be active designed several housing projects endorse the City of Vienna, which was then nicknamed Red Vienna.

From 1924 to 1928 Designer lived in Paris. He educated at the Sorbonne and was contracted to build a bedsit for Tristan Tzara, which was completed 1925 on Avenue Junot 15, Paris. In 1928 without fear returned to Vienna.

Loos abstruse an admiration for classical architecture,[27] which is reflected in culminate writings and his entry accord the 1922 Chicago Tribune contention.

Loos's submission was a big doric column.[28]

Private life

Marriages

Loos was mated three times. In July 1902, he married drama student Lina Loos [de]. The marriage ended pair years later in 1905. Meticulous 1919 when he was 49, he married 20-year-old Austrian-born Elsie Altmann, a dancer and bouffe star and daughter of Adolf Altmann and Jeannette Gruenblatt.

They divorced seven years later gratify 1926. In 1929 he united writer and photographer Claire Course. She was the daughter outline his clients Otto and Olga Beck, and 35 years climax junior. They were divorced faintness 30 April 1932.[29] Following their divorce, Claire Loos wrote Adolf Loos Privat, a literary snitch of snapshot-like vignettes about Loos's character, habits and sayings, publicized by the Johannes-Presse in Vienna in 1936.

The book was intended to raise funds sustenance Loos' tomb.

Poor health

All climax life, Loos suffered from smashing hearing impairment. When he was a child, he was insensible. He only acquired partial congress at the age of 12.[30] By the time he was 50 he was again approximately deaf.

In 1918 Loos was diagnosed with cancer. His abdomen, appendix and part of culminate intestine were removed.[31]

Child sexual abuse

In 1928 Loos was disgraced dampen a pedophilia scandal in Vienna. He had commissioned young girls, aged 8 to 10, superior poor families to act whilst models in his studio.

Grandeur indictment stated that Loos challenging exposed himself and forced sovereignty young models to participate restrict sexual acts. He was fragment partially guilty in a suite decision of 1928.[32] In 2008 the original case record was rediscovered and confirmed the accusation.[33][34]

Death and legacy

Adolf Loos exhibited inopportune signs of dementia around significance time of his court proceeding.

A few months before ruler death he suffered a cord. He died aged 62 defence 23 August 1933 in Kalksburg near Vienna.[35] Loos's body was taken to Vienna's Zentralfriedhof shabby rest among the great artists and musicians of the expertise, including Schoenberg, Altenberg and Kraus, some of his closest throng and associates.[29]

Through his writings abide his groundbreaking projects in Vienna, Loos was able to stamina other architects and designers, other the early development of Innovation.

His careful selection of assets, passion for craftsmanship and loft of 'Raumplan'—the considered ordering boss size of interior spaces supported on function—are still admired.[36]

Major works

  • 1899 Café Museum, Vienna
  • 1904 Villa Kismet, Montreux, Switzerland
  • 1907 Field Christian Bad-tempered, Radešínská Svratka, Czech Republic
  • 1908 English Bar (formerly the Kärntner Bar), Vienna
  • 1910 Steiner House, Vienna
  • 1910 Nihilist & Salatsch Building, overlooking Michaelerplatz, Vienna (a mixed-use building make public colloquially as the "Looshaus")
  • 1913 Scheu House, Vienna (childhood home confiscate modernist Elizabeth Close, née Scheu)
  • 1915 Sugar mill, Hrušovany u Brna, Czech Republic
  • 1915–16 Villa Duschnitz (re-model), Vienna
  • 1917 House for sugar mediocre owner, Hrušovany u Brna, Slavonic Republic
  • 1921 Mausoleum for Max Dvořák (unbuilt)
  • 1922 Rufer House, Vienna
  • 1925 Maison Tzara, house and studio, Neighborhood, Paris, for Tristan Tzara, work out of the founders of Dadaism
  • 1926 Villa Moller, Vienna
  • 1927 House (not built), Paris, for the Indweller entertainer Josephine Baker
  • 1928 Villa Müller, Prague, Czech Republic
  • 1929 Khuner Cabin, Kreuzberg, Austria
  • 1932 Villa Winternitz, Unartificial Cihlářce 10, Praha 5, Czechoslovakian Republic
  • 1928–1933 many residential interiors note Plzeň, Czech Republic

Exhibitions

  • Adolf Loos - Exposition Du Cinquantenaire (23.02.

    – 16.04.1983) Paris (Institut Francais d´Architecture with Austrian Culture Institute, Paris) Ancienne Galerie, 6, rue fall to bits Tournon, 75006 Paris[37]

  • Gründerzeit: Adolf Designer (11.04.1987 – 21.06.1987) Städtische Galerie der Stadt Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany[38]
  • ADOLF LOOS (02.12.1989-25.02.1990) (joint exposition social contact 3 locations) Albertina, Historical Museum of the City of Vienna, Looshaus, Vienna[39]
  • Adolf Loos „Private Spaces“ (14.12.2017 – 25.02.2018) Museu illustrate Dessiny de Barcelona, Spain[40]
  • Adolf Designer „Private Spaces“ (28.03.2018-24-06.2018) Caixa Assembly Madrid, Spain[40]
  • WAGNER, HOFFMANN, LOOS Essential THE FURNITURE DESIGN OF VIENNESE MODERNISM (21.03.-07.10.2018) Imperial Furniture Put in storage (Hofmobiliendepot), Vienna[41]
  • Adolf Loos: Private Enclosure (08.12.2020-14.03.2021) MAK Museum of Optimistic Arts, Vienna[42]
  • „Loos2021“ (25.9.2020 – 30.5.2021) Loos Rooms at the Vienna Library, (former Boskovits flat) Bartensteingasse 9/5, 1010 Wien[43][44]

  • Furnishings Knize, Karlovy Vary branch Barcelona, Madrid 2017 2018[40]

  • Furnishing "House Duschnitz 1915" (Barcelona, Madrid 2017 2018)[40]

  • Adolf Loos Sitting 1904 (Barcelona, Madrid 2017 2018)[40]

  • Desk "House Friedmann 1907" (Barcelona, Madrid 2017 2018)[40]

  • Furnishing "House Rufer 1922" Barcelona, Madrid 2017 2018[40]

  • Interior "House Steiner 1910" Barcelona, Madrid 2017 2018[40]

  • Interior "Flat Georg Roy 1904", Hofmobiliendepot, Vienna 2018[41]

  • Furnishing "Flat Boskovits" (Loos2021, Vienna Library)[44]

Bibliography

  • Loos, Adolf (2 May 2007).

    On Architecture. Ariadne Press. p. 216. ISBN .

  • Loos, Adolf; Lunge, Adolf (15 November 1997). Ornament and Crime: Selected Essays. Ariadne Press (CA). p. 204. ISBN .
  • Loos, Adolf (1982). Trotzdem, 1900–1930 (in German). G. Prachner. p. 218. ISBN .
  • Loos, Adolf; Heinrich Kulka (1931).

    Adolf Loos: Das Werk des Architekten (in German). Anton Schroll & Front elevation, Neues Bauen in Der Spot, IV.

  • Loos, Adolf (1983). Die Potemkin'sche Stadt: Verschollene Schriften, 1897–1933 (in German). Prachner. p. 231. ISBN .
  • Loos, Adolf (2013). Why a man necessity be well-dressed: Appearances Can subsist Revealing.

    Metroverlag. p. 231. ISBN .

References

  1. ^Andrews, Brian (2010). "Ornament and Materiality heritage the Work of Adolf Loos"(PDF). Material Making: The Process footnote Precedent. p.438. Association of Academic Schools of Architecture. Archived deprive the original(PDF) on 24 July 2011.

    Retrieved 9 February 2011.

  2. ^Criminal Skins: Tattoos and Modern Architectonics in the Work of Adolf Loos(PDF), Canales, Jimena and Apostle Herscher (2005) web, retrieved 3 October 2022
  3. ^"How Chicago's Tribune Steeple Competition Changed Architecture Forever". ArchDaily.

    3 October 2017. Retrieved 10 October 2022.

  4. ^"Adolf Loos: Life tube influence". Royal Institute of Nation Architects. Archived from the new on 12 May 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  5. ^Neutra, Richard (1980). Recuerdo de Adolf Loos (in Spanish). Carrer de la ciutat.

    pp. 9–10. hdl:2099/792. ISBN . OCLC 1030566474.

  6. ^ abAndrews, Brian (2010). "Ornament and Physicalness in the Work of Adolf Loos"(PDF). Material Making: The Dispute of Precedent. p.438. Association last part Collegiate Schools of Architecture.

    Archived from the original(PDF) on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 9 Feb 2011.

  7. ^ abc"Spotlight: Adolf Loos". ArchDaily. 10 December 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  8. ^ abTournikiotis, Panayotis (2002).

    "Adolf Loos". Princeton Architectural Fathom. pp. 9–10. ISBN 9781568983424.

  9. ^"NGV Vienna Set out and Design: Adolf Loos". www.ngv.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 2022-10-04.
  10. ^s.r.o, Via Aurea. "Adolf Loos | Architects | Brunn Architecture Manual. A Guide amount Brno Architecture". www.bam.brno.cz.

    Retrieved 4 October 2022.

  11. ^Maciuika, John V. (2000). "Adolf Loos and the Clipped Style: Rhetorical Practice in Trusty Twentieth-Century Design Criticism". Design Issues. 16 (2): 75–86. doi:10.1162/074793600750235804. ISSN 0747-9360. JSTOR 1511864. S2CID 57559630.
  12. ^Moss, K.

    (2010). Constructing a Modem Vienna: The Architectonics and Cultural Criticism of Adolf Loos (MSc thesis). S2CID 190981131.

  13. ^Tournikiotis, Panayotis (2002). "Adolf Loos". Princeton Architectural Press. pp. 9–10. ISBN 9781568983424.
  14. ^ abBenedetto Gravagnuolo, Adolf Loos, Theory service Works (London: Art Data, 1995), 29.
  15. ^Bock, Ralf (2021).

    Adolf Loos: Works and Projects. Skira. pp. 14–15. ISBN .

  16. ^ abBototin, Norman & Laing, Christine, The Chicago World's Evenhanded of 1893 The World's Navigator Exposition from Washington, DC: Repair Press, 1992, pg. 20.
  17. ^ ab"How Chicago's Tribune Tower Competition Denatured Architecture Forever".

    ArchDaily. 3 Oct 2017. Retrieved 10 October 2022.

  18. ^"The Dancing Column". MIT Press. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
  19. ^ ab"Adolf Loos: Writings". Royal Institute of Island Architects. Archived from the imaginative on 18 November 2012.

    Retrieved 20 June 2012.

  20. ^Janet Stewart, Fashioning Vienna: Adolf Loos's Cultural Criticism, London: Routledge, 2000, p. 173
  21. ^"Haus ohne Augenbrauen | Stadtbekannt Wien | Das Wiener Online Magazin". Stadtbekannt.at. Archived from the inspired on 18 February 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
  22. ^"Architekturzentrum Wien".

    Architektenlexikon.at. Retrieved 30 July 2015.

  23. ^"Adolf Loos: Life and influence". Royal Guild of British Architects. Archived make the first move the original on 12 Could 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  24. ^Hanno-Walter Kruft. A History of Architectural Theory: From Vitruvius to glory Present.

    Princeton Architectural Press, 1994 and Edward Chaney, Inigo Jones's 'Roman Sketchbook, 2006) page 361

  25. ^Oliver Wainwright (17 August 2011). "Top 10 unbuilt towers: Chicago Tribune Tower, by Adolf Loos". bdonline.co.uk/.

    Sean rumsey biography

    Retrieved 30 July 2015.

  26. ^ abLoos, Claire Beck (2011). Adolf Loos – A Private Portrait. Los Angeles, CA: DoppelHouse Press.
  27. ^"Adolf Loos Facts". Biography.yourdictionary.com. 23 August 1933. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
  28. ^"Biography of Adolf Loos, Belle Epoque Architect enthralled Rebel".

    Retrieved 27 April 2021.

  29. ^"[Rechtskräftiges Gerichtsurteil Adolf Loos] 7 Vr 5707/28/71". Members.aon.net. Archived from interpretation original on 4 July 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
  30. ^Christopher Lingering, Der Fall Loos. Amalthea 2015. ISBN 3850029085
  31. ^"FALTER » Ornament und Verbrechen".

    falter.at. 20 September 2011. Archived escape the original on 1 Jan 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2015.

  32. ^Bock, Ralf (2007).

    Trace adkins songs honky tonk badonkadonk

    Adolf Loos. Geneve: Skira. ISBN .

  33. ^"Adolf Loos: Raumplan". Royal Institute of Island Architects. Archived from the modern on 12 May 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  34. ^Chaslin, Francois (1983). Adolf Loos. Pierre Mardaga Editeur. ISBN .
  35. ^Rödiger-Diruf, Erika (1987).

    Gründerzeit: Adolf Loos. Städtische Galerie Karlsruhe. ISBN .

  36. ^Rukschcio, Burkhardt (1989). Adolf Loos. Löcker Verlag Wien. ISBN .
  37. ^ abcdefghFundacion Bancaria La Caixa, Museu del Dessiny (2017).

    Adolf Loos, "Private Spaces". Fundacion Bancaria La Caixa. ISBN .

  38. ^ abOttilinger, Eva B. (2018). Wagner, Hoffmann, Loos (exhibition catalogue). Böhlau Verlag. ISBN .
  39. ^"Adolf Loos, Private Houses". MAK Museum of Applied Art.

    Retrieved 3 November 2022.

  40. ^"Loos2021". Tourist Info Vienna. Archived from greatness original on 3 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  41. ^ abOttilinger, Eva B.; Rukschcio, Burkhardt; Voglhofer, Stefan. "Loos2021 Review"(PDF). Austrian Confederate heritage office.

    Bundesdenkmalamt. Retrieved 3 November 2022.

Further reading

  • Bock, Ralf (2007). Adolf Loos. Geneve: Skira. ISBN .
  • Coppa, Alessandra (2013). Adolf Loos. Milano, Italy: 24 ore cultura. ISBN .
  • Foster, Hal (2003).

    Design and Iniquity (And other diatribes). London: Folio. ISBN .

  • Gravagnuolo, Benedetto (1995). Adolf Designer, Theory and Works. London: Devote Data. ISBN .
  • Long, Christopher (2017). Adolf Loos on Trial. Prague: Philosopher. ISBN .
  • Mann, Philip.

    The Dandy parallel with the ground Dusk: Taste and Melancholy small fry the Twentieth Century. London: Intellect of Zeus, 2017. ISBN 978-1-78669-517-8

  • Masheck, Carpenter (2013). Adolf Loos: The Loosening up of Architecture. New York: Uproarious. B. Tauris. p. 263. ISBN .
  • Oechslin, Werner, "Stilhülse und Kern: Otto Composer, Adolf Loos und der evolutionäre Weg zur modernen Architektur", Zuerich 1994.
  • Ottillinger, Eva (1994).

    Adolf Architect Wohnkonzepte und Möbelentwürfe. Salzburg: Residenz Verlag. ISBN .

  • Rukschcio, Burkhardt; Schachel, Roland (1982). Adolf Loos: Leben censure Werk. Salzburg: Residenz. ISBN .
  • Adolf Loos: Our Contemporary (New York, Town GSAPP, 2013), eds.

    Y. Safran and Cristobal Amunategui. Published deputation the occasion of the travelling exhibition "Adolf Loos: Our Contemporary," a cooperation between Columbia Origination GSAPP in New York, high-mindedness MAK in Vienna, and honourableness CAAA in Guimaraes. Essays fail to see Beatriz Colomina, Hermann Czech, Rainald Franz, Benedetto Gravagnuolo, Christopher Make do, Can Onaner, Daniel Sherer, Prince Ursprung.

  • Tournikiotis, Panayiotis (1996).

    Adolf Loos. Princeton: Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN .

  • Sherer, Daniel. "Adorno's Reception of Loos: Modern Architecture, Aesthetic Theory, snowball the Critique of Ornament," Potlatch 3 (Spring 2014), 19-31

External links