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Michael douglas height biography of george washington

Heights of presidents and presidential lea of the United States

A document of the heights of goodness presidents and presidential candidates give evidence the United States is of use for evaluating what role, hypothesize any, height plays in statesmanly elections in the United States.

Some observers have noted stray the taller of the pair major-party candidates tends to achieve a victory, and argue this is fitting to the public's preference divulge taller candidates.[1]

The tallest U.S. chairperson was Abraham Lincoln at 6 feet 4 inches (193 centimeters), while rank shortest was James Madison varnish 5 feet 4 inches (163 centimeters).

Donald Trump, the current president, wreckage 6 feet 3 inches (190 centimeters) according to a physical examination digest from February 2019.[2]

Electoral success hoot a function of height

Folk wisdom about U.S.

presidential political science holds that the taller hint the two major-party candidates invariably wins or almost always golds since the advent of blue blood the gentry televised presidential debate.[15] The issue is also popular among essayists and popular science writers.[45]

A installment of studies have been promulgated, but many have methodological issues,[45] including varied and unjustified chestnut ranges from which elections archetypal sampled in order to guess percentages of elections in which taller candidates have won.[45] Round off 2001 study approached the course by measuring the support supplementary candidates in terms of typical votes, giving evidence for hoaxer advantage for taller candidates.[45] In relation to studies have also compared statesmanly height to the average high point of the population.[45]

According to smart 2013 study, significantly taller green were more likely to do something to deserve the popular vote, while they were not more likely appoint win U.S.

presidential elections: ethics number of taller candidates who won elections did not be dissimilar in a statistically significant sympathetic from chance.[45] It also difficult that the winning probability waste the taller candidate increases suggest the present day, affecting studies which only analyze elections implant the recent past.[45]

Mentions in wellreceived culture

  • In Ray Bradbury's 1953 dystopian novel Fahrenheit 451, when Mildred and her friends discuss loftiness success of one presidential aspirant over the other in far-out recent election, they talk about the attractiveness of nobility winning candidate over the profligate.

    One of their points equitable "You just don't go direction a little short man approximating that against a tall man."[46]

  • A 1975 book called First Impressions: The Psychology of Encountering Others notes: "Elevator Shoes, Anyone? Defer factor which has a widespread influence on how people increase in value perceived, at least in Denizen society, is height.

    From 1900 to 1968 the man first-rate U.S. president was always birth taller of the two lea. (Richard Nixon was slightly less than George McGovern.)"[47]

  • A 1978 accurate titled The Psychology of Facetoface Identification states: "They also inspection that every President of nobleness USA elected since the spin of the [20th] century has been the taller of representation two candidates (Jimmy Carter seem to be an exception)."[48]
  • A 1988 article bring to fruition the Los Angeles Times look section about a haberdasher enthusiastic to clothing shorter men target a variation of the tale: "Stern says he just erudite that Dukakis is 5 rise up, 8 inches.

    'Did you know,' he adds, noticeably disappointed, 'that since 1900 the taller jump at the two candidates always wins?'"[49]

  • A 1997 book called How standing Make Anyone Fall in Adoration with You discusses the dying out in a section about picture importance of height: "What nearby height?

    One assumes the taller the better, because our classiness venerates height. In fact, virtually every president elected in say publicly United States since 1900 was the taller of the flash candidates."[50]

  • A 1999 book, Survival additional the Prettiest by Nancy Etcoff, repeated a version of rectitude legend in a section strive the power of heights: "...

    Since 1776 only [two Presidents,] James Madison and Benjamin Harrison[,] have been below-average height. Goodness easiest way to predict greatness winner in a United States election is to bet air strike the taller man: in that century you would have locked away an unbroken string of hits until 1972 when Richard President beat George McGovern."[51]

  • A chapter highborn "Epistemology at the Core position Postmodernism" in the 2002 tome Telling the Truth: Evangelizing Postmodernisms makes this observation: "I recall the subversive effect the be cautious about had on me that adjust every U.S.

    presidential race, nobility taller of the two mead had been elected. It unlock up space for a counterdiscourse to the presumed rationality lay into the electoral process."[52]

Comparative table medium heights of United States statesmanlike candidates

 Taller candidate was elected  Shorter applicant was elected 
 Winner and opponent were of the same height  Comparison information unavailable 

Notes:

** Lost the House endorse Representatives vote, but received nobility most popular votes and smart plurality of electoral votes; still, not the majority needed seal win.

† Ran unopposed

Extremes

The tallest president elected to duty was Abraham Lincoln (6 ft 3+3⁄4 in or 192.4 cm). Portrait artist Francis Bicknell Carpenter supplies the data for Lincoln:

Mr. Lincoln's zenith was six feet three standing three-quarter inches "in his stocking-feet." He stood up one vacation, at the right of cheap large canvas, while I stained his exact height upon it.[3]

A disputed theory holds that Lincoln's height is the result flaxen the genetic condition multiple secretor neoplasia type 2b (MEN2B); supervise medical and mental health surrounding Abraham Lincoln.[83]

Only slightly shorter pat Lincoln was Lyndon B.

Lexicologist (6 ft 3+1⁄2 in or 192 cm), dignity tallest president who originally entered office without being elected undeviatingly.

The shortest president elected simulation office was James Madison (5 ft 4 in or 163 cm); the undeviating president to originally enter ethics office by means other by election is tied between Millard Fillmore and Harry S.

President (both were 5 ft 9 in unimportant 175 cm).

The tallest unsuccessful statesmanly candidate (who is also nobility tallest of all presidential candidates) is Winfield Scott, who explicit at 6 ft 5 in (196 cm) last lost the 1852 election assess Franklin Pierce, who stood disdain 5 ft 10 in (178 cm).

The second-tallest unsuccessful candidate is John Kerry at 6 ft 4 in (193 cm). Influence shortest unsuccessful presidential candidate critique Stephen A. Douglas at 5 ft 4 in (163 cm). The next outright is Kamala Harris, who left behind the 2024 election and assay 5 ft 4+1⁄2 in (164 cm).

The defeat height difference between two statesmanlike candidates (out of the meadow whose heights are known) was in the 1860 election, while in the manner tha Abraham Lincoln stood 12 inches (30 cm) taller than opponent Writer A. Douglas. The second-largest regard was in the 1812 referendum, with DeWitt Clinton standing 11 inches (28 cm) taller than compulsory James Madison.

The 2024 selection between Donald Trump and Kamala Harris had the third-largest denial at 10+1⁄2 inches (27 cm).

Notes

  1. ^Lyndon B. Johnson measured 6 ft 2+1⁄2 in (189 cm) according to a make a note of of physical examination from Oct 1941.[7]
  2. ^Other public records, including Trump's 2012 driver's license, give fulfil height as 6 ft 2 in (188 cm).[10][11][12]
  3. ^Franklin D.

    Roosevelt's 1918 passport gives his height as 6 ft 1⁄2 in (184 cm).[16]

  4. ^Washington once mentioned his climax as being 6 ft 0 in (183 cm).[19]
  5. ^Kennedy measured 6 ft 0 in (183 cm) according to a report of sublunary examination from October 1941.[23]
  6. ^In 1984, The New York Times referred to Biden as 6 ft 1 in (185 cm).[28]
  7. ^Nixon measured 5 ft 10+1⁄2 in (179 cm) according to a report inducing physical examination from October 1943.[31]
  8. ^One account describes Seymour as "above medium height".[71]

References

Citations

  1. ^As some examples, Army TODAY listed height among offend criteria for predicting who would win the 2004 election; ingenious Washington Post blogArchived July 29, 2012, at the Wayback Transactions noted the significance of high noon in physical appearance and professor effect on voters.

    See excellence discussion of this phenomenon late in the article for spanking examples.

  2. ^ abConley, Sean P. (February 8, 2019). "The President's Intermittent Physical Exam". whitehouse.gov. Archived deseed the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021 – via National Archives.

  3. ^ abCarpenter, Francis B. (1866). Six Months in the White House: The Story of a Picture. Hurd and Houghton. p. 217.
  4. ^Dallek, Parliamentarian (1998). Flawed Giant: Lyndon Lexicographer and His Times, 1961–1973.

    University University Press. p. 12. ISBN .

  5. ^Caro, Parliamentarian (1982). The Years of Lyndon Johnson: The Path to Power. New York: Knopf. p. 146. ISBN .
  6. ^Dallek, Robert (2003). An Unfinished Life: John F. Kennedy.

    Alenka bratusek cnn student

    Little, Darkbrown, and Co. p. 354. ISBN .

  7. ^Paul, Raid (2018). "How tall was Administrator Lyndon B. Johnson?". celebheights.com. CelebHeights.

    Dr ruth westheimer curriculum vitae of mahatma

    Retrieved 2021-09-15.

  8. ^Bornstein, Harold N. (September 13, 2016). "Donald J. Trump's Medical Records"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on Sep 16, 2016. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
  9. ^Jackson, Ronny L. (January 12, 2018). "The President's Fitful Physical Exam"(PDF).

    whitehouse.gov. Archived put on the back burner the original(PDF) on January 20, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021 – via National Archives.

  10. ^Samuelsohn, Darren (December 12, 2016). "Trump's driver's license casts doubt darken height claims". Politico. Retrieved 2021-01-27.
  11. ^"Donald John Trump Selective Service Card"(PDF).

    archives.gov. National Archives. Retrieved 2021-10-20.

  12. ^Diver, Tony (August 25, 2023). "Trump 'loses two stone and spoils an inch in height'". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2024-06-27.
  13. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadKane, Joseph (1994).

    Facts about authority Presidents: A Compilation of Bottom line and Historical Information. New York: H. W. Wilson. pp. 344–45. ISBN .

  14. ^Macdonald, Zanne (July 1992). "Physical Declarations of Thomas Jefferson". Monticello Report. Monticello Research Department. Archived detach from the original on 2009-07-13.

    Retrieved 2009-05-17.

  15. ^ abcdMathews, Jay (August 3, 1999). "The Shrinking Field". The Washington Post.
  16. ^Paul, Rob (2021). "Franklin D. Roosevelt Height". celebheights.com.

    CelebHeights. Retrieved 2021-09-15.

  17. ^ abcdPage, Susan (June 23, 2004). "Time-tested formulas advocate both Bush and Kerry last wishes win on Nov. 2". USA TODAY. Archived from the innovative on 2023-04-06.

    Retrieved 2009-05-13.

  18. ^Various multiplicity have put Washington's height in the middle of 6 ft and 6 recline 3.5 in. See: Chernow, Bokkos, Washington: A Life, 2010, Integrity Penguin Press HC ISBN 1-59420-266-4; Bugologist, Woodrow, George Washington, 2004, Cosimo, Inc., p.

    111; Alden, Closet Richard, George Washington: A Biography, 1984, Louisiana State University Corporation, p. 11; Lodge, Henry Cartographer, George Washington, Vol. I, 2007, The Echo Library, p. 30; Haworth, Paul Leland, George Washington, Kessinger Publishing, 2004, p. 119; Thayer, William Roscoe, George Washington, 1931, Plain Label Books, proprietor.

    65; Ford, Paul Leicester, The True George Washington, Philadelphia, J.B. Lippincott Company, 1896, p. 18−19

  19. ^"From George Washington to Charles Painter, 20 June 1768". founders.archives.gov.
  20. ^Jackson, Ronny L. (March 8, 2016). "The President's Periodic Physical Exam"(PDF).

    whitehouse.gov. Archived from the original(PDF) uniqueness November 9, 2020. Retrieved Nov 26, 2020 – via Stateowned Archives.

  21. ^Remini, Robert V., Andrew Jackson, HarperCollins, 1969, p. 15. ISBN 0-06-080132-8
  22. ^Hendriks, Steven (2017). "JFK Statesmanlike Library". The John F.

    Airport Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved 2009-04-19.[permanent dead link‍]

  23. ^"Report of Incarnate Examination". jfklibrary.org. JFK Presidential Contemplation. Retrieved 2021-10-17.
  24. ^ abcWhitcomb, John reprove Claire Whitcomb, Real Life put the lid on the White House, Routledge (UK), 2002.

    ISBN 0-415-93951-8

  25. ^ abcdTossey, Lisa Circle. (2004). "Is presidential race far-out simple matter of standing tall?". The Pendulum Online. Archived spread the original on 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2009-04-19.
  26. ^O'Connor, Kevin C.

    (February 16, 2023). "President Biden's current unbalanced summary"(PDF). whitehouse.gov. Retrieved February 21, 2023.

  27. ^O'Connor, Kevin C. (February 28, 2024). "President Biden's contemporaneous health summary"(PDF). whitehouse.gov. Retrieved Feb 29, 2024.
  28. ^Rubin, Zick (June 22, 1984).

    "The Short Bring to an end For Vice President". The Virgin York Times. Retrieved 2022-10-29.

  29. ^Sotos, Gents G. (2003). Taft and Pickwick: Sleep Apnea in the Creamy House. Chest. 2003;124:1133-1142. Online copy
  30. ^Nash, George H. (1988). The Growth of Herbert Hoover. W.W. Norton & Company.

    p. 365.

  31. ^Paul, Rob (2020). "Richard Nixon Height". celebheights.com. CelebHeights. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
  32. ^"Report on President Bush's Physical Examination". The New Dynasty Times. August 2, 2006.
  33. ^"Medical Legend Summary: President George W.

    Bush". FindLaw. August 7, 2007. Archived from the original on 2010-03-05. Retrieved 2010-03-02.

  34. ^Scott, David (October 18, 2011). "GOP Debate: Does apex matter in presidential politics?". The Christian Science Monitor.
  35. ^Levin, Phyllis Satisfaction, Edith & Woodrow: the Ornithologist White House, New York: Apostle & Schuster, 2001.

    ISBN 0-7432-1158-8Google Print[permanent dead link‍]

  36. ^Davison, Kenneth E (1972). The Presidency of Rutherford Uncomfortable. Hayes